pulsando sobre la imagen:

Investigadores da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa desenvolveram os primeiros transístores com papel, uma descoberta que pode permitir a criação de sistemas electrónicos descartáveis a baixo custo.

“O transístor é a peça de lego para construir qualquer coisa”, explicou ao PÚBLICO Elvira Fortunato, que juntamente com Rodrigo Martins, são os coordenadores do grupo de investigação Cenimat/I3N, responsável pela descoberta.

Os transístores nasceram no final dos anos 40 e substituíram as válvulas utilizadas nos computadores e nas redes telefónicas. Tiveram o condão de reduzir o tamanho dos equipamentos, aumentar a velocidade e a durabilidade. Hoje, qualquer aparelho com um circuito integrado contém estes “interruptores” electrónicos.

O “interruptor” é formado por três componentes. Um material semicondutor que tem uma entrada e uma saída, chamadas fonte e dreno, por onde passa a corrente. E uma porta que é o que induz e controla a corrente, mas que está separada do semicondutor por um material isolante, impedindo curto-circuitos.

É esta porta que “liga” e “desliga” o transístor e que equivale ao sistema binário 0/1 em que toda a informação está codificada. É assim que os computadores, os ecrãs, os telefones, as aparelhagens funcionam. Com muitos milhões destas unidades.

O material isolante, que é a componente dieléctrica do transístor, era feito de vários materiais como o silício. As unidades eram construídas a 1200 graus célsius, por exemplo. Agora, os investigadores conseguiram o fabrico à temperatura ambiente, utilizando papel que é um “dois em um” porque também funciona como o suporte do transístor.

A celulose tem outras propriedades e não é tão boa como o silício. “Mas pode-se fazer sistemas descartáveis a baixo custo”, explicou Elvira Fortunato. E mais, pode dobrar-se que não se estraga. Estas características permitem explorar várias ideias como ecrãs de papel, etiquetas, pacotes inteligentes, chips de identificação ou aplicações médicas.

“Pode utilizar-se nos sensores biológicos para diagnóstico [na saúde]. Muitos sensores são de papel, funcionam através de uma reacção química, com o transístor pode haver uma mais-valia”, exemplificou a investigadora.

O artigo com a descoberta já foi aceite pela revista científica “Electron Device Letters” e vai ser publicado em Setembro. O pedido de patente também está feito. Agora é só ficar à espera de uma próxima plataforma digital que, antes de se deitar fora, ainda pode servir como post-it, porque, como explica a investigadora, os novos transístores “não deixam de ser papel”.

fonte: Jornal Público
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Puesto: Ingeniero I+D tecnologías de video

Actividad: Investigación y desarrollo tecnológico

Empresa: TELEFONICA I+D

Funciones:

Participación en diferentes proyectos de innovación en tecnologías de vídeo, principalmente tecnologías de TV y Videoconferencia avanzadas. La actividad principal consistirá en el desarrollo software de bajo nivel e integración de pipelines multimedia en aplicaciones de vídeo (videoconferencia HD, 3D, IPTV, interfaces multimodales, vídeo interactivo y realidad aumentada). Además de esto participará en la preparación de propuestas de proyectos con las líneas de negocio y propuestas de proyectos de investigación.

Conocimientos:

- C, C++, Linux, Mpeg1-2-4, GSTREAMER, Diseño y arquitectura de SW(/HW?)

Se requiere:

Edad: 30
Experiencia: 2 años
Aptitudes: Colaboración, orientación a resultados
Especialidad: Tecnologías de video
Remuneración: Según valía y experiencia del candidato
Contrato: [NO SE INDICA]
Lugar: Barcelona

Otros:

Persona de contacto: Oscar Mejías
Dirección: Vía Augusta 177, Barcelona
Teléfono: 933653297
Contestar a la oferta: OMF206@TID.ES

The size of the potential market is theoretically the size of the SIM market today and those numbers are truly staggering. Today there are over 2 billion GSM customers, representing 82% of the world’s mobile phone users, and every one of those GSM mobile phones has a SIM card inside.

While the potential for the high-capacity, high-performance SIM market is tremendous, there are stumbling blocks between here and there. Handsets will need a new higher performance SIM interface and MNOs will have to decide that the more expensive SIMs are worth the effort.

While it is too early to tell if/when this market will take off, 2008 looks to be shaping up as a most interesting year. SanDisk sees 2007 as a design-in period for its high capacity SIM card, MegaSIM. In 2008 SanDisk expects MegaSIM “to emerge as a major revenue contributor.” These are fighting words coming from an organization as conservative as SanDisk.

Thanks to msystems, MegaSIM is market ready and trial tested. This didn’t happen overnight.

The Development of MegaSIM

MegaSIM goes back at least 7 years to the year 2000. This was the year that msystems had the foresight to acquire Fortress U&T Ltd. Fortress was a privately held Israeli-based company specializing in data security and crypto technology. Fortress provided advanced security technology to some of the world's crypto smart card industry leaders. Smart folks.

In 2001 and 2002, with Fortress’s help, msystems worked on R&D for chips for next-gen SIM cards supported by European grants.

In early 2003, msystems hired a manager from Nokia to handle its, as yet unannounced SIM card business. This manager made it into the Israeli press when he slipped up and revealed msystems' confidential high capacity SIM aspirations. He never made that mistake again.

MegaSIM was officially announced in October 2004:

For the first time in the cellular market, a SIM card will combine high capacity flash-based storage, with densities reaching 256 Megabytes, and advanced security features to enable a variety of compelling mobile applications. As mobile handsets increase their multimedia capabilities, and service providers begin implementing broadband mobile service, the need for secured, scalable and configurable high capacity storage becomes acute. The MegaSIM card module will enable SIM card vendors to provide their mobile operator customers with a (U)SIM card enabling a variety of advanced mobile services such as MMS, MP3 and video clips downloading, full PIM functionality, and high resolution picture storage.

In November, 2005, msystems acquired Microelectronica Espanola, a leading European smart card company. Msystems took this calculated step to establish direct access to the MNOs. In addition msystems acquired important technology and manufacturing capabilities.

Msystems’ strategy was to leverage both Microelectronica's channel to the MNOs as well as its technology in secured manufacturing to grow its business for both MegaSIM and for msystems newly introduced line of memory cards.

Am posting a transcript of the November 14, 2005 acquisition of Microelectronica Espanola msystems’ conference call. Although almost two years old, it is still quite relevant.

When SanDisk acquired msystems, it also acquired Microelectronica and its management team. At the time of the Microelectronica acquisition msystems hired Simone Cavallo to manage Microelectronica. Believe he came from STMicro where he had been Group Vice-President, Smart Card Telecom Division. Before STM, Simone was a general executive manager at Incard, one of the world’s main producers of smart cards.

Today Simone is VP of SanDisk’s MNO division where he works with SanDisk MNO management from the USA, Iran, Israel, Spain, Taiwan, Korea, and China. Internationalization is always a plus.

Since acquiring msystems, SanDisk has added TrustedFlash functionality to MegaSIM. TrustedFlash seems to be an important SanDisk strategy and deserves its own post, which I will get around to eventually.

Using its Microelectronica connections and perseverence, msystems convinced MNOs to give MegaSIM a shot. Trials apparently went well enough. Big names too: Orange, Telefonica, TIM and China Mobile.

So what’s the sales pitch to the MNOs? Or put another way, why should the the Oranges and China Mobiles of this world be interested in a next-gen, high capacity SIM card like MegaSIM?

The MNO Challenge

The MNOs, are worried about losing their relevancy/leverage. And for good reason. MNO average revenue per user (ARPU) is declining and they are faced with rising subscriber churn rates.

MNOs have made massive capital investments in wireless data infrastructure and now are faced with the threat of becoming nothing more than “Fat Pipes.”

This is where the MegaSIM fits in. MegaSIM gives the MNO an opportunity build a connection with its customers and to monetize value-added propositions, increasing revenues per user and reducing churn rates.

Most MNOs offer rich content through their portals and services today. By controlling the mass storage at the heart of the mobile phone, they are also able to control this content and influence how it is used. Personal ID + Smart card functionality = ECommerce etc.

MegaSIM is tailor-made for MNOs. Whether it is adopted is another matter though. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink.

The MNOs are conservative beasts with an aversion to uncertainty. Disagreement over standards hasn't helped.

How SanDisk shot itself in the foot over MegaSIM Standards

It appears that Sandisk shot itself in the foot or maybe both feet in the standard’s process for high capacity SIMs. Probably no lasting damage, but sheesh.

There were two competing standards for the phone interface for high capacity SIMs: USB and MMC. Msystems designed MegaSIM so that it could work with whichever won out. FLSH and some others were pushing MMC because it could rollout sooner.

Orange trials for example were based on MMC. Various phones were designed with the technology. Looked like trials would transition smoothly into rollouts with MMC.

Then SanDisk got involved. This was before the FLSH acquisition. SanDisk didn’t have a high capacity SIM product, so it decided to try to derail the process by claiming at the 11th hour that its patents would be required for folks to use MMC for the high capacity SIMs.

This PO’d many. The net result of SNDK’s ploy was that support swung to USB which would require redesign of handsets delaying rollout.

Then SNDK acquired FLSH and MegaSIM, but the die had been cast.

USB was crowned as high speed SIM standard.

Lots of irony to this one, but no lasting damage.

One of the beautiful things about MegaSIM is that the bar is set so low. Street expectations are close to zero. Pretty remarkable for a potential $1+ billion market. If MegaSIM starts to get serious traction in 2008, it will be a big surprise. Icing on the cake.

Of the Telcos connected to MegaSIM: Orange, Telefonica, and TIM are the real deal, but the one that really grabs me is China Mobile. China Mobile is the largest MNO in the world with over 330 million subscribers. Doubt this is lost on SanDisk.